{"id":11869,"date":"2020-06-08T15:19:27","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T13:19:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.the-international-cocoa-organization.org\/?page_id=11869"},"modified":"2021-09-14T17:34:12","modified_gmt":"2021-09-14T15:34:12","slug":"growing-cocoa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.icco.org\/growing-cocoa\/","title":{"rendered":"Growing Cocoa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-d6u7ff-3eeea7caf8c1cd114c014ae8b983f050\">\n.avia-section.av-d6u7ff-3eeea7caf8c1cd114c014ae8b983f050 .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.3;\nbackground-image:url(http:\/\/demo.the-international-cocoa-organization.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/cocoa-pattern-2.png);\nbackground-repeat:repeat;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-d6u7ff-3eeea7caf8c1cd114c014ae8b983f050 main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll av-section-color-overlay-active av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-custom av-height-custom  container_wrap sidebar_right'   data-av_minimum_height_px='200'><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay\"><\/div><div class='container av-section-cont-open' style='height:200px'><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11869'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-d0oyx7-be07098b651dcc81e46e609b9af6d8d3\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-d0oyx7-be07098b651dcc81e46e609b9af6d8d3{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#622812;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-d0oyx7-be07098b651dcc81e46e609b9af6d8d3 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-d0oyx7-be07098b651dcc81e46e609b9af6d8d3 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#622812;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-d0oyx7-be07098b651dcc81e46e609b9af6d8d3 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-d0oyx7-be07098b651dcc81e46e609b9af6d8d3 av-special-heading-h1 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Growing Cocoa<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-csa803-7c8b5788864bb2ff6faa7e4ba3517ea2 main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11869'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c\">\n.flex_column.av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c av_one_full  avia-builder-el-3  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-e3mfj1-ac476a2c5e439041238badcac006f3d5\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-e3mfj1-ac476a2c5e439041238badcac006f3d5{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-e3mfj1-ac476a2c5e439041238badcac006f3d5 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-e3mfj1-ac476a2c5e439041238badcac006f3d5 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-e3mfj1-ac476a2c5e439041238badcac006f3d5 av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Origins Of Cocoa And Its Spread Around The World<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div class='flex_column_table av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c\">\n.flex_column.av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c av_one_full  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-18f1t7-54a9abbb9f5dfd1d1632ed3be7a45e03 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The genus Theobroma (or \u201cfood of the gods\u201d in Greek) originated millions of years ago in South America, to the east of the Andes. Theobroma has been divided into twenty-two species of which\u00a0<em>T. cacao<\/em>\u00a0is the most widely known. Recent archaeological evidence found in Southern Ecuador indicate that cocoa beans were already used more than 5,300 years ago by native population and that, 1,500 years before the domestication of the tree. Since then, the seeds of <em>T. cacao<\/em>\u00a0had been used by several pre-Colombian civilizations including the Maya (covering among the current Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras), the Incas (covering the current Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Bolivia) and the Aztecs (covering the current Southern Mexico). Cocoa beans were used by pre-Colombian civilizations as food ingredient (for beverage, mixed with corn flour and spices), but also as a currency for trade or for ritual behaviour.<\/p>\n<p>The first outsider to drink chocolate was Christopher Columbus, who reached Nicaragua in 1502 searching for a sea route to the spices of the East. But it was Hernan Cort\u00e9s, leader of an expedition in 1519 to the Aztec empire, who returned to Spain in 1528 bearing the Aztec recipe for\u00a0<em>xocoatl<\/em>\u00a0(chocolate drink) with him. The drink was initially received unenthusiastically and it was not until sugar was added that it became a popular drink in the Spanish courts and gradually in other European courts. In order to meet European growing demand, cocoa cultivation was slowly extended during the colonization period to the three main current cocoa producing areas detailed below: Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div class='flex_column_table av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c\">\n.flex_column.av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><div  class='av-hotspot-image-container av-kb6bsos9-a68088ed3da57a5769a11fa033537bbc  avia-builder-el-8  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-hotspot-numbered av-mobile-fallback-active  av-non-fullwidth-hotspot-image'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='av-hotspot-container'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-cell'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-12020 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12020 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-1030x728.jpg\" alt='' title='ICCO_producers_map'  height=\"728\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-1030x728.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-1536x1086.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-2048x1448.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-1500x1060.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-260x185.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-705x498.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ICCO_producers_map-600x424.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-c503xn-4162f8bae9f5f7be0aa186a611b686aa\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-c503xn-4162f8bae9f5f7be0aa186a611b686aa{\nheight:80px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-c503xn-4162f8bae9f5f7be0aa186a611b686aa hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-c1tjpf-0abd2dfd4a558d7e9f82f284e39e44f9 sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-c1tjpf-0abd2dfd4a558d7e9f82f284e39e44f9\">\n.flex_column.av-c1tjpf-0abd2dfd4a558d7e9f82f284e39e44f9{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-c1tjpf-0abd2dfd4a558d7e9f82f284e39e44f9 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3dwv84d-14070a1a9415c1297eee0a8f32605bbe\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-3dwv84d-14070a1a9415c1297eee0a8f32605bbe{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-3dwv84d-14070a1a9415c1297eee0a8f32605bbe .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-3dwv84d-14070a1a9415c1297eee0a8f32605bbe .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-3dwv84d-14070a1a9415c1297eee0a8f32605bbe av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-11  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Caribbean <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> South America<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-bmnakz-f85f63b416339cf1d0876d822ae15360 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>There were attempts to satisfy Spanish domestic demand by planting cacao in Spanish territories like the Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Haiti but these initially came to nothing. More successful were the Spanish Capuchin friars, who grew criollo cacao in Ecuador in about 1635. The rush by European mercantile nations to claim land to cultivate cacao began in earnest in the late seventeenth century. France introduced cacao to Martinique and St Lucia (1660), the Dominican Republic (1665), Brazil (1677), the Guianas (1684) and Grenada (1714); England had cacao growing in Jamaica by 1670; and, prior to this, the Dutch had taken over plantations in Cura\u00e7ao when they seized the island in 1620.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bg763n-5d5cada556066b9a542ce78d2ac646f5\">\n.flex_column.av-bg763n-5d5cada556066b9a542ce78d2ac646f5{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-bg763n-5d5cada556066b9a542ce78d2ac646f5 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-302w9r1-758010f96b4a735c6672ed98f1df25ee\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-302w9r1-758010f96b4a735c6672ed98f1df25ee{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-302w9r1-758010f96b4a735c6672ed98f1df25ee .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-302w9r1-758010f96b4a735c6672ed98f1df25ee .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-302w9r1-758010f96b4a735c6672ed98f1df25ee av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-14  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Africa<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-b7f05n-9621d214d6fec31dfe4cc1b1ec8becb8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The explosion in demand brought about by chocolate&#8217;s affordability required yet more cacao to be cultivated. Amelonado cacao from Brazil was planted in Principe in 1822, Sao Tom\u00e9 in 1830 and Fernando Po in 1854, then in Nigeria in 1874 and Ghana in 1879. There was already a small plantation in Bonny, eastern Nigeria established by Chief Iboningi in 1847, as well as other plantations run by the Coker family and established by the Christian missions. The seeds planted in Ghana were brought from Fernando Po by Tetteh Quarshie or his apprentice Adjah, after previous attempts by the Dutch (1815) and the Swiss (1843) to introduce cocoa in Ghana had failed. In Cameroon, cocoa was introduced during the colonial period of 1925 to 1939.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bg763n-5d5cada556066b9a542ce78d2ac646f5\">\n.flex_column.av-bg763n-5d5cada556066b9a542ce78d2ac646f5{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-bg763n-5d5cada556066b9a542ce78d2ac646f5 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2cz1fbx-5813972891101075020ee6b4162216ec\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-2cz1fbx-5813972891101075020ee6b4162216ec{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-2cz1fbx-5813972891101075020ee6b4162216ec .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2cz1fbx-5813972891101075020ee6b4162216ec .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2cz1fbx-5813972891101075020ee6b4162216ec av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-17  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Asia<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-b7f05n-dc1fdd3e5c4965ba4683d315d20e5adb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>As for the other cocoa growing areas, cocoa cultivation was introduced in Asia during the colonisation period. The first trees were introduced in Indonesia by the Spanish in the XVI century. Meanwhile, it took until 1970 for the cocoa sector to be developed at significative stage in Asia, in particular in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and on a smaller scale in Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-avo88z-32919183b79b8dda7fd15c8e81f884ab\">\n.avia-section.av-avo88z-32919183b79b8dda7fd15c8e81f884ab .av-extra-border-element .av-extra-border-inner{\nbackground-color:#342f29;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-avo88z-32919183b79b8dda7fd15c8e81f884ab alternate_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll av-arrow-down-section container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11869'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-apgs9n-dd9d79aaa0b097755bf708fd842ca548 sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-apgs9n-dd9d79aaa0b097755bf708fd842ca548\">\n.flex_column.av-apgs9n-dd9d79aaa0b097755bf708fd842ca548{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-apgs9n-dd9d79aaa0b097755bf708fd842ca548 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-20  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4o276jh-74574301c6f7f80ca04d812313d2fddd\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-4o276jh-74574301c6f7f80ca04d812313d2fddd{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-4o276jh-74574301c6f7f80ca04d812313d2fddd .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-4o276jh-74574301c6f7f80ca04d812313d2fddd .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-4o276jh-74574301c6f7f80ca04d812313d2fddd .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-4o276jh-74574301c6f7f80ca04d812313d2fddd av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-21  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Where is Cocoa Produced ?<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ae3rqb-7cfd05b2a06c8d11e5b58bf0a3a52544\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ae3rqb-7cfd05b2a06c8d11e5b58bf0a3a52544 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ae3rqb-7cfd05b2a06c8d11e5b58bf0a3a52544 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Cocoa is produced in countries in a belt between 10\u00baN and 10\u00baS of the Equator, where the climate is appropriate for growing cocoa trees. The three current largest producing countries are C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana and Ecuador.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a2vk17-87d1a32673eb0739549a3128992f13e1\">\n.flex_column.av-a2vk17-87d1a32673eb0739549a3128992f13e1{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-a2vk17-87d1a32673eb0739549a3128992f13e1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4k0oual-3b498efab1f9eef1de0a99c809ecb22a\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-4k0oual-3b498efab1f9eef1de0a99c809ecb22a{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-4k0oual-3b498efab1f9eef1de0a99c809ecb22a .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-4k0oual-3b498efab1f9eef1de0a99c809ecb22a .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-4k0oual-3b498efab1f9eef1de0a99c809ecb22a .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-4k0oual-3b498efab1f9eef1de0a99c809ecb22a av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-24  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Climate Conditions<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9mhiir-9eb1641204d15b9e9dcb3031bce55ae6\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-9mhiir-9eb1641204d15b9e9dcb3031bce55ae6 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-9mhiir-9eb1641204d15b9e9dcb3031bce55ae6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The natural habitat of the cocoa tree is in the lower storey of the evergreen rainforest, and climatic factors, particularly temperature and rainfall, are important in encouraging optimum growth.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div class='flex_column_table av-a2vk17-9b41717fa112efe0fe0fc1599cf5fd04 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a2vk17-9b41717fa112efe0fe0fc1599cf5fd04\">\n.flex_column.av-a2vk17-9b41717fa112efe0fe0fc1599cf5fd04{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-a2vk17-9b41717fa112efe0fe0fc1599cf5fd04 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9mhiir-38d124818bcf7a28be768c7d22512e86\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-9mhiir-38d124818bcf7a28be768c7d22512e86 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-9mhiir-38d124818bcf7a28be768c7d22512e86 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/demo.the-international-cocoa-organization.org\/faq\/\">For more information please visit our FAQ page.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9ia8j7-ad31634f89ea6dbe29d9d5c4865c8a4f\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-9ia8j7-ad31634f89ea6dbe29d9d5c4865c8a4f{\nheight:80px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-9ia8j7-ad31634f89ea6dbe29d9d5c4865c8a4f hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_fourth '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-9d993n-350cd352c82e9e6949976b39b4ba4e92 sc-av_one_fourth av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9d993n-350cd352c82e9e6949976b39b4ba4e92\">\n.flex_column.av-9d993n-350cd352c82e9e6949976b39b4ba4e92{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-9d993n-350cd352c82e9e6949976b39b4ba4e92 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_fourth  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-43j5tbx-77b556315fe0f6c4ed0614fdb3660f47\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-43j5tbx-77b556315fe0f6c4ed0614fdb3660f47{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-43j5tbx-77b556315fe0f6c4ed0614fdb3660f47 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-43j5tbx-77b556315fe0f6c4ed0614fdb3660f47 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-43j5tbx-77b556315fe0f6c4ed0614fdb3660f47 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-43j5tbx-77b556315fe0f6c4ed0614fdb3660f47 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-30  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Temperature<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-92moq3-48feb4749ac6ec3a3c7d964bbcab54e3\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-92moq3-48feb4749ac6ec3a3c7d964bbcab54e3 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-92moq3-48feb4749ac6ec3a3c7d964bbcab54e3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Cocoa plants respond well to relatively high temperatures, with a maximum annual average of 30 &#8211; 32\u00baC and a minimum average of 18 &#8211; 21\u00baC.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8vid3n-16b8e52a2cb5a8780fb726608fe10f2e\">\n.flex_column.av-8vid3n-16b8e52a2cb5a8780fb726608fe10f2e{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-8vid3n-16b8e52a2cb5a8780fb726608fe10f2e av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3f55vj1-fa195eae7c25f62feb399527b87d93b8\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-3f55vj1-fa195eae7c25f62feb399527b87d93b8{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-3f55vj1-fa195eae7c25f62feb399527b87d93b8 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-3f55vj1-fa195eae7c25f62feb399527b87d93b8 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-3f55vj1-fa195eae7c25f62feb399527b87d93b8 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-3f55vj1-fa195eae7c25f62feb399527b87d93b8 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-33  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Rainfall<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8l3d3n-c94adc3e45be3644bde578e1a68569d5\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-8l3d3n-c94adc3e45be3644bde578e1a68569d5 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-8l3d3n-c94adc3e45be3644bde578e1a68569d5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Variations in the yield of cocoa trees from year to year are affected more by rainfall than by any other climatic factor. Trees are very sensitive to a soil water deficiency. Rainfall should be plentiful and well distributed through the year. An annual rainfall level of between 1,500mm and 2,000mm is generally preferred. Dry spells, where rainfall is less than 100mm per month, should not exceed three months.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8azdpf-7abd2c4ed307ad23b6d15d10fcd74d3a\">\n.flex_column.av-8azdpf-7abd2c4ed307ad23b6d15d10fcd74d3a{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-8azdpf-7abd2c4ed307ad23b6d15d10fcd74d3a av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-35  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3651hst-9a2482f8ef47b62d22482d419e816f3b\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-3651hst-9a2482f8ef47b62d22482d419e816f3b{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-3651hst-9a2482f8ef47b62d22482d419e816f3b .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-3651hst-9a2482f8ef47b62d22482d419e816f3b .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-3651hst-9a2482f8ef47b62d22482d419e816f3b .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-3651hst-9a2482f8ef47b62d22482d419e816f3b av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-36  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Humidity<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7ymtuj-3cd50ffeeb560e7d9156214e6fae53f7\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-7ymtuj-3cd50ffeeb560e7d9156214e6fae53f7 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-7ymtuj-3cd50ffeeb560e7d9156214e6fae53f7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A hot and humid atmosphere is essential for the optimum development of cocoa trees. In cocoa producing countries, relative humidity is generally high: often as much as 100% during the day, falling to 70-80% during the night.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7ucq0b-a95e5e32ed65031f31ddac863bfcf2ae\">\n.flex_column.av-7ucq0b-a95e5e32ed65031f31ddac863bfcf2ae{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7ucq0b-a95e5e32ed65031f31ddac863bfcf2ae av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2hfbbdp-5c965f66e0b222a111a5a1015684f708\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-2hfbbdp-5c965f66e0b222a111a5a1015684f708{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-2hfbbdp-5c965f66e0b222a111a5a1015684f708 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2hfbbdp-5c965f66e0b222a111a5a1015684f708 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2hfbbdp-5c965f66e0b222a111a5a1015684f708 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2hfbbdp-5c965f66e0b222a111a5a1015684f708 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-39  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Light <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> Shade<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-qwzpn-197b87c9ed842e8a76fe685ad72bac06\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-qwzpn-197b87c9ed842e8a76fe685ad72bac06 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-qwzpn-197b87c9ed842e8a76fe685ad72bac06 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The cocoa tree will make optimum use of any light available and traditionally has been grown under shade. Its natural environment is the Amazonian forest which provides natural shade trees. Shading is indispensable in a cocoa tree&#8217;s early years.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><div class='av-extra-border-element border-extra-arrow-down'><div class='av-extra-border-outer'><div class='av-extra-border-inner'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_4'  class='avia-section av-7du8rv-44cc87782125cb2508cf6d1920450075 main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-41  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11869'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-752hhn-c870266385b8f5a04dd458a9aeb48629 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-752hhn-c870266385b8f5a04dd458a9aeb48629\">\n.flex_column.av-752hhn-c870266385b8f5a04dd458a9aeb48629{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-752hhn-c870266385b8f5a04dd458a9aeb48629 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-42  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ld1er-f9eacf3d8789b1d5625294238609f3b2\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ld1er-f9eacf3d8789b1d5625294238609f3b2{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ld1er-f9eacf3d8789b1d5625294238609f3b2 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ld1er-f9eacf3d8789b1d5625294238609f3b2 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ld1er-f9eacf3d8789b1d5625294238609f3b2 av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-43  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Soil Conditions<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6wrty3-7eb4b940060aa98af20e51a411028b22 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Cocoa is grown in a wide variety of soil types.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6rc2vn-7d7ffaf1071b549aa2d063b242bae7cb\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-6rc2vn-7d7ffaf1071b549aa2d063b242bae7cb{\nheight:80px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-6rc2vn-7d7ffaf1071b549aa2d063b242bae7cb hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-6ii09f-065cf461bd1c57b7fab116924e20e351 sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6ii09f-065cf461bd1c57b7fab116924e20e351\">\n.flex_column.av-6ii09f-065cf461bd1c57b7fab116924e20e351{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-6ii09f-065cf461bd1c57b7fab116924e20e351 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-46  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1og5f-6213cc36f9b86696c27534cfda389513\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-1og5f-6213cc36f9b86696c27534cfda389513{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-1og5f-6213cc36f9b86696c27534cfda389513 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-1og5f-6213cc36f9b86696c27534cfda389513 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-1og5f-6213cc36f9b86696c27534cfda389513 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-47  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Physical Properties<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-696gsb-27ee7b533d29d16fa668a3f0a08217e6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Cocoa needs a soil containing coarse particles and with a reasonable quantity of nutrients, to a depth of 1.5m to allow the development of a good root system. Below that level it is desirable not to have impermeable material, so that excess water can drain away. Cocoa will withstand waterlogging for short periods, but excess water should not linger. The cocoa tree is sensitive to a lack of water, so the soil must have both water retention properties and good drainage.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-60cghf-e879a203c739d167d8d4f3cc5277024e\">\n.flex_column.av-60cghf-e879a203c739d167d8d4f3cc5277024e{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-60cghf-e879a203c739d167d8d4f3cc5277024e av_one_half  avia-builder-el-49  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bfxp7-3bec33f6846d588cc7ece0184e2398f9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-bfxp7-3bec33f6846d588cc7ece0184e2398f9{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-bfxp7-3bec33f6846d588cc7ece0184e2398f9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-bfxp7-3bec33f6846d588cc7ece0184e2398f9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-bfxp7-3bec33f6846d588cc7ece0184e2398f9 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-50  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Chemical Properties<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5n2j8j-562ec89740bf070df67cfad7a2c90b36 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The chemical properties of the topsoil are most important, as the plant has a large number of roots for absorbing nutrients. Cocoa can grow in soils with a pH in the range of 5.0-7.5. It can therefore cope with both acid and alkaline soil, but excessive acidity (pH 4.0 and below) or alkalinity (pH 8.0 and above) must be avoided. Cocoa is tolerant of acid soils, provided the nutrient content is high enough. The soil should also have a high content of organic matter: 3.5% in the top 15 centimetres of soil. Soils for cocoa must have certain anionic and cationic balances. Exchangeable bases in the soil should amount to at least 35% of the total cation exchange capacity (CEC), otherwise nutritional problems are likely. The optimum total nitrogen \/ total phosphorus ratio should be around 1.5.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5eid3n-9005fa6648df8f510b171a08d56e7e4c\">\n.avia-section.av-5eid3n-9005fa6648df8f510b171a08d56e7e4c .av-extra-border-element .av-extra-border-inner{\nbackground-color:#342f29;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_5'  class='avia-section av-5eid3n-9005fa6648df8f510b171a08d56e7e4c alternate_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-52  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll av-arrow-down-section container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11869'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-56wal7-c6cfcafcff125d087f85a6596bc14049 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-56wal7-c6cfcafcff125d087f85a6596bc14049\">\n.flex_column.av-56wal7-c6cfcafcff125d087f85a6596bc14049{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-56wal7-c6cfcafcff125d087f85a6596bc14049 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-53  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-7f1e5d28af7f560764081df14d7f2992\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-7f1e5d28af7f560764081df14d7f2992{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-7f1e5d28af7f560764081df14d7f2992 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-7f1e5d28af7f560764081df14d7f2992 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-7f1e5d28af7f560764081df14d7f2992 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-7f1e5d28af7f560764081df14d7f2992 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-54  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Cocoa Tree Varieties<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fewaz-6e4335f50a55582a115a04b4b24a9439\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-fewaz-6e4335f50a55582a115a04b4b24a9439 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-fewaz-6e4335f50a55582a115a04b4b24a9439 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The historical classification of cocoa &#8211; generally preferred and used &#8211; distinguishes three broad types of cocoa: Forastero, Criollo, and Trinitario. Meanwhile, recent findings have shown that a new classification in ten groups \u2013 namely Amelonado, Cacao Criollo, Nacional, Contamana, Curaray, Cacao guiana, Iquitos, Mara\u00f1on, Nanay, Pur\u00fas &#8211; would be more accurate to better take into account their morpho-geographic and genomic differences and similarities.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4pe7pv-a6ee65c2c196628d33ae7f68ab1da876\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-4pe7pv-a6ee65c2c196628d33ae7f68ab1da876{\nheight:80px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-4pe7pv-a6ee65c2c196628d33ae7f68ab1da876 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-56  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_third '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-4hgkjf-1c7aab1c8bf466aaceac95a43e05f4e3 sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4hgkjf-1c7aab1c8bf466aaceac95a43e05f4e3\">\n.flex_column.av-4hgkjf-1c7aab1c8bf466aaceac95a43e05f4e3{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4hgkjf-1c7aab1c8bf466aaceac95a43e05f4e3 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-57  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-3f8bebc0c2f6aab018e092e3de18425c\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-3f8bebc0c2f6aab018e092e3de18425c{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-3f8bebc0c2f6aab018e092e3de18425c .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-3f8bebc0c2f6aab018e092e3de18425c .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-3f8bebc0c2f6aab018e092e3de18425c .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-3f8bebc0c2f6aab018e092e3de18425c av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-58  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Criollo<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fewaz-77ba6367dd23626801fc03948712eaa6\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-fewaz-77ba6367dd23626801fc03948712eaa6 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-fewaz-77ba6367dd23626801fc03948712eaa6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Criollos dominated the market until the middle of the eighteenth century, but today only a few, if any, pure Criollo trees remain.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-44ggor-de4e53a800b7745b3502dbff712d145f\">\n.flex_column.av-44ggor-de4e53a800b7745b3502dbff712d145f{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-44ggor-de4e53a800b7745b3502dbff712d145f av_one_third  avia-builder-el-60  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-aa02bfc4287b924abea2c4a8f44af833\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-aa02bfc4287b924abea2c4a8f44af833{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-aa02bfc4287b924abea2c4a8f44af833 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-aa02bfc4287b924abea2c4a8f44af833 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-aa02bfc4287b924abea2c4a8f44af833 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-aa02bfc4287b924abea2c4a8f44af833 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-61  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Forastero<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3r0uyr-6e9de4d6f21a5ca2ce265291d4d22e9b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-3r0uyr-6e9de4d6f21a5ca2ce265291d4d22e9b .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-3r0uyr-6e9de4d6f21a5ca2ce265291d4d22e9b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Forastero is a large group containing cultivated, semi-wild and wild populations of which the Amelonado populations are the most extensively planted. Large areas of Brazil and West Africa are planted with Amelonado. Amelonado varieties include Comum in Brazil, West African Amelonado in Africa, Cacao Nacional in Ecuador and Matina or Ceylan in Costa Rica and Mexico. Recently large plantations throughout the world have used Upper Amazon hybrids.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3msqvv-c02f92a258b2cad8eb0424a92be06144\">\n.flex_column.av-3msqvv-c02f92a258b2cad8eb0424a92be06144{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-3msqvv-c02f92a258b2cad8eb0424a92be06144 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-63  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-bb04ea1378129e253d414c6f0c64f562\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-bb04ea1378129e253d414c6f0c64f562{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-bb04ea1378129e253d414c6f0c64f562 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-bb04ea1378129e253d414c6f0c64f562 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-bb04ea1378129e253d414c6f0c64f562 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-bb04ea1378129e253d414c6f0c64f562 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-64  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Trinitario<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3954kz-4428069f3ab3b4718f5f9ef9e3c9e608\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-3954kz-4428069f3ab3b4718f5f9ef9e3c9e608 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-3954kz-4428069f3ab3b4718f5f9ef9e3c9e608 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The Trinitario populations are considered to belong to the Forasteros, although they are descended from a cross between Criollo and Forastero. Trinitario planting started in Trinidad, spread to Venezuela and then to Ecuador, Cameroon, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Java and Papua New Guinea.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div class='flex_column_table av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c\">\n.flex_column.av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-coqzr7-8bec193ca2a80b3c09f5c635d454dc0c av_one_full  avia-builder-el-66  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fewaz-6e4335f50a55582a115a04b4b24a9439\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-fewaz-6e4335f50a55582a115a04b4b24a9439 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-fewaz-6e4335f50a55582a115a04b4b24a9439 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><em>Disclaimer\u00a0:<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0the map solely intends to provide a broad indication of the geographical distribution of the main cocoa varieties based on historical perspective. The data presented on this map has been compiled to represent the predominant cocoa varieties by location and without exclusivity. Sub-categories may exist within each geographical area.\u00a0This map targets the general public and does not purport to represent the complexities of cocoa genetics and<\/em><em>\u00a0ongoing\u00a0<\/em><em>classification and mapping works worldwide.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kcalktnt-54c054017adba22ce6eb205e065ff53d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kcalktnt-54c054017adba22ce6eb205e065ff53d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kcalktnt-54c054017adba22ce6eb205e065ff53d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-kcalktnt-54c054017adba22ce6eb205e065ff53d av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-68  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-12161 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12161 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-1030x728.jpg\" alt='Growing Cocoa - Species map' title='CARTE ORIGINES3'  height=\"728\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-1030x728.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-1536x1086.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-2048x1448.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-1500x1060.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-260x185.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-705x498.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.icco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARTE-ORIGINES3-600x424.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fewaz-6e4335f50a55582a115a04b4b24a9439\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-fewaz-6e4335f50a55582a115a04b4b24a9439 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-fewaz-6e4335f50a55582a115a04b4b24a9439 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Sources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>1. BASTIDE, P. (2007). \u201cLe Cacao\u201d. Atlas de l&#8217;Int\u00e9gration R\u00e9gionale en Afrique de l&#8217;Ouest, S\u00e9rie Economie. Sept 2007.<br \/>\n2. DAND, R. (2010). The International Cocoa Trade. Woodhead Publishing, Third Edition.<br \/>\n3. SORIA, V., J. (1965). Notas Sobre Las Principales Variedades de Cacao Cultivadas en America Tropical. Conference Internationale sur les recherches agronomiques cacaoy\u00e8res, Abidjan, 1965. Proceedings. Paris, 1967. 247-252.<br \/>\n4. Viceministerio de Comercio Interno y Exportaciones de Bolivia (2017) \u00ab Cacao y derivados \u00bb. Boletin del Exportador, no 15.<br \/>\n5. PRABHAKARAN NAIR, K.P. (2010). \u201cCocoa\u201d. The Agronomy and Economy of Important Tree Crops of the Developing World. Elsevier, First Edition, pp.131-180.<br \/>\n6. MOSSU, G. (1990). \u201cLe cacaoyer\u201d. Les Cahiers d&#8217;Outre-Mer. N\u00b0 174 &#8211; 44e ann\u00e9e, Avril-Juin 1991, p 213<br \/>\n7. Websites : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cocoanect.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.cocoanect.com<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.technoserve.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.technoserve.org<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chococlic.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.chococlic.com<\/a>;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><div class='av-extra-border-element border-extra-arrow-down'><div class='av-extra-border-outer'><div class='av-extra-border-inner'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-316da3-552ad4905458eea7995101091ddc4895\">\n.avia-section.av-316da3-552ad4905458eea7995101091ddc4895 .av-extra-border-element .av-extra-border-inner{\nbackground-color:#342f29;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_6'  class='avia-section av-316da3-552ad4905458eea7995101091ddc4895 alternate_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-70  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll av-arrow-down-section container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11869'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-2yz3vv-6f8a220161634d32a65f69ee90549fa4 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2yz3vv-6f8a220161634d32a65f69ee90549fa4\">\n.flex_column.av-2yz3vv-6f8a220161634d32a65f69ee90549fa4{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2yz3vv-6f8a220161634d32a65f69ee90549fa4 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-71  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-p6nvv-08b8a567a693efd9b3d67ac5e227b4df\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-p6nvv-08b8a567a693efd9b3d67ac5e227b4df{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-p6nvv-08b8a567a693efd9b3d67ac5e227b4df .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-p6nvv-08b8a567a693efd9b3d67ac5e227b4df .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-p6nvv-08b8a567a693efd9b3d67ac5e227b4df .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-p6nvv-08b8a567a693efd9b3d67ac5e227b4df av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-72  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Breeding<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-93qu3-11117d59c1660541d18bc0d86a156f71\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-93qu3-11117d59c1660541d18bc0d86a156f71 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-93qu3-11117d59c1660541d18bc0d86a156f71 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Cocoa is raised from seed. Seeds will germinate and produce good plants when taken from pods not more than 15 days underripe.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2gc7vn-b7fd95be92dc45ab00b22adf0af5fc00\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2gc7vn-b7fd95be92dc45ab00b22adf0af5fc00{\nheight:80px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-2gc7vn-b7fd95be92dc45ab00b22adf0af5fc00 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-74  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-86xib-b653b8e8ee569936d46e714f7e9c88e3 sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-86xib-b653b8e8ee569936d46e714f7e9c88e3\">\n.flex_column.av-86xib-b653b8e8ee569936d46e714f7e9c88e3{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-86xib-b653b8e8ee569936d46e714f7e9c88e3 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-75  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jk1wj-aaf17b6aa856af5fa8d80088f548dca9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-jk1wj-aaf17b6aa856af5fa8d80088f548dca9{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-jk1wj-aaf17b6aa856af5fa8d80088f548dca9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-jk1wj-aaf17b6aa856af5fa8d80088f548dca9 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-jk1wj-aaf17b6aa856af5fa8d80088f548dca9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-jk1wj-aaf17b6aa856af5fa8d80088f548dca9 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-76  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Cuttings<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1u3ulv-c1209ae987b3745ede4677e27dd26dec\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-1u3ulv-c1209ae987b3745ede4677e27dd26dec .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1u3ulv-c1209ae987b3745ede4677e27dd26dec '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Tree cuttings are taken with between two and five leaves and one or two buds. The leaves are cut in half and the cutting placed in a pot under polyethylene until roots begin to grow.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1r2y2z-339fc5d25a6014cea8ecf2496774898d\">\n.flex_column.av-1r2y2z-339fc5d25a6014cea8ecf2496774898d{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1r2y2z-339fc5d25a6014cea8ecf2496774898d av_one_third  avia-builder-el-78  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-hr363-6b1d4e6665a28a70e9162e8aae013346\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-hr363-6b1d4e6665a28a70e9162e8aae013346{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-hr363-6b1d4e6665a28a70e9162e8aae013346 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-hr363-6b1d4e6665a28a70e9162e8aae013346 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-hr363-6b1d4e6665a28a70e9162e8aae013346 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-hr363-6b1d4e6665a28a70e9162e8aae013346 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-79  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Budding<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1g7tu3-ffb944d355316f2045fc2aa9e6d7ed43\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-1g7tu3-ffb944d355316f2045fc2aa9e6d7ed43 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1g7tu3-ffb944d355316f2045fc2aa9e6d7ed43 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A bud is cut from a tree and placed under a flap of bark on another tree. The budding patch is then bound with raffia and waxed tape of clear plastic to prevent moisture loss. When the bud is growing, the old tree above it is cut off.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-181m0j-eaacdd8424b24ceb91f21a4aba97af85\">\n.flex_column.av-181m0j-eaacdd8424b24ceb91f21a4aba97af85{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#83a846;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-181m0j-eaacdd8424b24ceb91f21a4aba97af85 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-81  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-animated-generic fade-in  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7yp7n-aadd87bbe94ffe568e672b67ffcc0461\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-7yp7n-aadd87bbe94ffe568e672b67ffcc0461{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-7yp7n-aadd87bbe94ffe568e672b67ffcc0461 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-7yp7n-aadd87bbe94ffe568e672b67ffcc0461 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-7yp7n-aadd87bbe94ffe568e672b67ffcc0461 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-7yp7n-aadd87bbe94ffe568e672b67ffcc0461 av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-82  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Marcotting<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ug3bv-77f4a925ddf9cbe5cdf65a50cbf45003\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ug3bv-77f4a925ddf9cbe5cdf65a50cbf45003 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ug3bv-77f4a925ddf9cbe5cdf65a50cbf45003 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A strip of bark is removed from a branch and the area covered in sawdust and a polyethylene sheet. The area will produce roots and the branch can then be chopped off and planted.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2gc7vn-b7fd95be92dc45ab00b22adf0af5fc00\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2gc7vn-b7fd95be92dc45ab00b22adf0af5fc00{\nheight:80px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-2gc7vn-b7fd95be92dc45ab00b22adf0af5fc00 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-84  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_full '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-a2vk17-9b41717fa112efe0fe0fc1599cf5fd04 sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a2vk17-9b41717fa112efe0fe0fc1599cf5fd04\">\n.flex_column.av-a2vk17-9b41717fa112efe0fe0fc1599cf5fd04{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-a2vk17-9b41717fa112efe0fe0fc1599cf5fd04 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-85  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9mhiir-38d124818bcf7a28be768c7d22512e86\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-9mhiir-38d124818bcf7a28be768c7d22512e86 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-9mhiir-38d124818bcf7a28be768c7d22512e86 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/demo.the-international-cocoa-organization.org\/faq\/\">For more information please visit our FAQ page.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><div class='av-extra-border-element border-extra-arrow-down'><div class='av-extra-border-outer'><div class='av-extra-border-inner'><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_7'  class='avia-section av-rt5w3-e2f4b814e74be47ee67ae1aff427204f main_color avia-section-huge avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-87  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11869'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-lbk63-3e56cc184ef0ad6cc404e99adb7056db sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lbk63-3e56cc184ef0ad6cc404e99adb7056db\">\n.flex_column.av-lbk63-3e56cc184ef0ad6cc404e99adb7056db{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-lbk63-3e56cc184ef0ad6cc404e99adb7056db av_one_full  avia-builder-el-88  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jmcx99-7965823a694c974025a96d9805dbe06c\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-jmcx99-7965823a694c974025a96d9805dbe06c{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-jmcx99-7965823a694c974025a96d9805dbe06c .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-jmcx99-7965823a694c974025a96d9805dbe06c .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-jmcx99-7965823a694c974025a96d9805dbe06c av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-89  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Categories of Cocoa Beans<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6l3pv-da62140138b30239c48680bdf3ac1312 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The world cocoa market distinguishes between two broad categories of cocoa beans: \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/demo.the-international-cocoa-organization.org\/growing-cocoa\/fine-or-flavor-cocoa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fine or flavour<\/a>\u201d cocoa beans and \u201cbulk\u201d or \u201cordinary\u201d cocoa beans. As a generalisation, fine or flavour cocoa beans are produced from Criollo or Trinitario cocoa-tree varieties, while bulk cocoa beans come from Forastero trees.<\/p>\n<p>There are, however, known exceptions to this generalisation. Nacional trees in Ecuador, considered to be Forastero-type trees, produce fine or flavour cocoa. On the other hand, Cameroon cocoa beans, produced by Trinitario-type trees and whose cocoa powder has a distinct and sought-after red colour, are classified as bulk cocoa beans.<\/p>\n<p>The share of fine or flavour cocoa in the total world production of cocoa beans is just under 5% per annum.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_7'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11869'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11869","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<title>Growing Cocoa - International Cocoa Organization<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cocoa origins, climate and soil conditions, tree varieties, breedings and categories of cocoa beans.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icco.org\/growing-cocoa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Growing Cocoa - 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